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Two cases have different facts.

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Does that automatically mean you can distinguish

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them? No. The difference must matter to

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the reasoning you are applying.

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In this lesson, build that connection using

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an original fictional exercise.

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It teaches a reading method, not a

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real legal rule. For real cases, work

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from the judgment and the relevant legal

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system.

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Imagine an invented archive policy.

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Fragile originals may be viewed only with

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trained supervision. In an earlier fictional decision,

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a reader was refused unsupervised access because

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handling the originals created a damage risk.

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The reason was about protecting fragile documents

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during handling. Notice what we have identified:

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the relevant activity, the risk, and why

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supervision mattered. We have not treated every

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detail of the story as part of

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the reason.

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Now another reader asks to view digital

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scans remotely. The originals will remain untouched.

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The reader also lives in another city

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and uses a different laptop.

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Which differences bear on the earlier reason?

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Remote scans remove the handling risk identified

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in our invented decision.

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City and laptop, without more, do not

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explain why that reason should change.

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A useful comparison filters the facts through

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the earlier reasoning.

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Try this explanation: the earlier refusal concerned

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unsupervised handling of fragile originals.

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This request involves scans and no handling,

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so that particular reason does not resolve

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it. That is a narrower claim than

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saying the reader must receive access.

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Other rules, such as restrictions on the

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scans themselves, might still matter.

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In a real judgment, identify the ratio

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carefully before arguing that changed facts take

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your problem outside it.

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A counterargument might say the earlier decision

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concerned all access, not just handling.

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Return to the actual reasons.

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Does the text support that wider reading?

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Our fictional decision expressly relied on damage

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from handling. In a real case, do

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not narrow a principle merely because it

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gives a convenient result.

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Distinguishing addresses its application to materially different

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facts; it does not itself overrule the

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earlier decision.

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One final change. The reader now wants

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to handle the same fragile originals without

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trained supervision, but promises to use them

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on a Tuesday rather than a Monday.

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On the supplied reasons alone, is that

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a convincing distinction? Explain why before the

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answer appears.

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No. Nothing supplied explains why Tuesday removes

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the damage risk from unsupervised handling.

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The changed day is a difference, but

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not a supported material distinction.

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If additional evidence showed that supervision was

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available on Tuesday, that would be a

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different fact to analyse.

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Do not invent it.

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State what the materials support and what

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they leave unresolved.

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For your next permitted practice, make three

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columns: earlier material fact, new fact, and

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connection to the reason.

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Add the best counterargument and a qualified

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conclusion. Check the authority and jurisdiction separately.

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Find the exercise and further reading in

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Durmah's learning library. AI is the assistant.

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You are the advocate.